The Essense Of Buddhism

John Snelling has composed that researchers with their logical data have prevailing with regards to sending space art to inaccessible planets or even test to remote quarters of earth with radio telescopes, (Snelling 7). They may examine the puzzles of the sub nuclear world with electron magnifying instruments. Be that as it may, what infact think least about is this extraordinary puzzle that is directly here with all of us the time-the core of the issue behind Buddhism.For like each one they buy in to accord see and don’t really think about the issue. In this way, as indicated by John Snelling of the London Buddhist Society, these researchers neglect to perceive what is directly in front of them, (291). Buddhist is concerned, Snelling has found, with the unwinding of this riddle. In the primary sense it is important to see through the extraordinary dream of ‘I', of the alleged individual. At that point it involves finding what truly is there.And how situation starts to g et interesting to enter this puzzle is to infiltrate a definitive riddle, the secret of the core of all things, and stand up to what the Christians called God, the Hindus Brahman or Atman-and it passes by different names in different religions. Buddhists, anyway waver to put a name to it or state anything or say anything at all regarding it. It is they keep up something that can't be gotten a handle on by mind or portrayed in words.It can't be seen straightforwardly; however that seeing achieves something genuinely supernatural: a complete change, no less. The cloak of delution fall away and last the world is seen as it really seems to be. Simultaneously a profound sympathy additionally takes shape: an unadulterated, self less generosity and caring conceived of a comprehension of the solidarity everything being equal. In this manner, as has been set up by John Snelling in his ‘The Buddhist handbook: a total Guide to Buddhist Teaching and Practice', (7) Buddhism is very simple. But as, Snelling has discovered straightforward things are in every case hard to completely acknowledge, so individuals need a wide range of helps and backing. A tremendous superstructure as indicated by Snelling has in this manner grown up around the fundamental heart center of the Buddha’s instructing: piles of philosophical hypothesis, a voluminous writing, ascetic codes and moral frameworks, narratives, cosmologies, various kinds of custom and reflection practice, foundations and chains of command. John Snelling composes of one Shuan Chin ken who composed an introduction to a course book (mumonkan)From the London Buddhist society, John Snelling (1987) set up that a significant number of the individuals who have attempted the investigation and practice of Buddhism have additionally checked out the western psychotherapies that created from the spearheading work of Sigmund Freud, the, the most acclaimed western therapist. Just as the Freudian therapy and its subsidiaries, Sn elling has discovered that, this incorporates the explanatory brain research of Freud extraordinary yet errant understudy, Carl Gustav Jung, just as ensuing improvements directly down to right now, where Buddhism and western culture have met up in a great security, (Snelling, 292).These hypotheses, presently viewed as Western psychotherapies emerged towards the finish of the nineteenth century and in the early piece of the twentieth century. This incredible revelation made by the pioneers of this development was of the presence of the oblivious: a zone or scope of parts of human mind falling outside the typical scope of cognizant mindfulness. Snelling records the restorative perspectives that intrigued Dr. Freud to concentrate a great deal on the nerve arrangement of animals.Sigmund Freud, as recorded by, Snelling was to the view the oblivious as a sort of basement containing basically what he called ‘vises’, each one of those parts of himself that an individual doesn't wish to stand up to the unsuitable wants, forceful motivations, agonizing recollections and numerous different regions of self image. Snelling has set up fix of all these comprised recovering this ousted material from the pit of knowing and reestablishing it to the region of cognizance or in Freudian wording: reestablishing it to the sense of self from the Idd, a procedure that Freud contrasted with recovering area from the ocean, (Snelling, 295).If Freud’s propensity had been basically mainstream, as per John Snelling then Jung’s thoughts carried the new brain research into the region once viewed as the safeguard of religion (293). In fact he started to see the job of investigation not just as coordinated towards restoring hypochondriac side effects yet of helping amicable turn of events, the blossoming of individual potential, and at last towards making sure about a change that would take the person past himself. John Snelling writes:â€Å"The truth that the way to deal with the numinous is the genuine treatment and because of the fact that you accomplish the numinous encounters you are discharged from the scourge of pathology†. (Snelling 253). To accord due credit to Jung, in any case, it must be said that numerous western Buddhists have discovered that this thoughts speak to valuable extension into outlandish universe of Eastern otherworldliness. Some have ventured to such an extreme as to attempt Jungian examination and have discovered accommodating, especially in managing mental problems.According to John Snelling, Alan Watts had the option to clarify on this in his composition of the seven images of life (1936); Watt propounded the possibility that Buddhism shares more practically speaking with psychotherapy than with religion as the term was then comprehended in the west. Psychotherapy and Buddhism are intermarried and each has its part to play in aiding its full acknowledgment, psychotherapy in assisting with building up a sound inner self, Buddhism in taking the procedure on from that point, (Snelling, 298). Religion of confidence Buddha accentuated that his lessons had a reasonable reason and ought not be indiscriminately clung to.He the Dharma to a pontoon made by a man looking to cross a risky here shore of a stream, speaking to the adapted world, to the quiet further shore, speaking to Nibanna (M. 1. 34-5). He at that point logically asked whether such a man on arriving at the opposite side should lift the pontoon and heft it around with him there. He in this manner stated, Dharma is for traverse not for holding, that is an adherent ought not get a handle on at Buddhist thoughts and practices, yet use them for their expected reason, and afterward let go of them when they had completely achieved their goal.Many standard Buddhists, however don't have a solid connection to Buddhism. While the Buddha was basic to dazzle confidence, he didn't deny a job for adequately based confidence or trustful certainty (saddha) for to try out his lessons, individual needed to have probably some underlying trust in them. He underscores a procedure of tuning, wherein excites saddha, prompting further saddha and more profound practice until the core of the lessons is legitimately experienced. An individual at that point turns into an Arahat, one who has supplanted confidence with knowledge.Even Theravada Buddhism, which frequently has a somewhat objective dispassionate picture, a profound confidence in the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha is normal. In a perfect world this depends on the way that some piece of Buddha’s way has been seen as elevating, along these lines rousing trust in the rest. Numerous individuals however have a quiet and upbeat confidence (pasada) motivated by the case of the individuals who are settled on the way. Generally thusly, Buddhism is a religion that depends on parts of confidence. In genuine sense Buddhism is where confidence is practiced for the reasons for perfection.W e in this way acknowledge the reality the announcement of approval that Buddhism is a religion of confidence holds. Buddhism doesn't request that anybody acknowledges their instructing on trust. The professional is rather welcome to give them a shot, to expriment with them. John Snelling composes and says there is no impulse and it happens to discover truth somewhere else or in any case just fine, (Snelling, 4). The fundamental opportunity from authoritative opinion is cherished in the Buddha's words to the Kalama, a people who lived in the region of the town of Kesaputta:† Come, Kalamas, don't be happy with heasay or with convention or with amazing legend or with what has descended in your sacred writings or with legitimate deduction or with gauging preferring for a view in the wake of contemplating it over or with the idea ‘the priest is our instructor' When you know in yourselves ‘these thoughts are unrewarding, obligated to reproach, denounced by the shrewd, be ing received and placed into impact they lead to damage and enduring ‘, at that point you should relinquish them†¦ ( and conversely:)when you know in yourselves these things are profitable†¦Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ then you should rehearse them and stay in them. † (Snelling, 3). Philosophical establishments According to John Snelling, in his The Buddhist Handbook: A total Guide to Buddhist Teaching and Practice Buddhism as a religion is based o philosophical establishments. He composes: â€Å"At the center of Mahayana theory lays the idea of vacancy: Shunyata. Buddha particularly in the soul of anata as first educates this. It isn't utilized to suggest, not insignificant or sheer nothingness, yet ‘emptiness of inborn existence’; that is, the nonappearance of any sort of suffering or self â€sustaining essence.There is likewise a sense in which it has undertones of theoretical void: nonattendance of contemplations. It could be viewed too as a non-term connoting t he indescribable comprehension emerging inside the act of meditation†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Therefore, Shunyata as utilized by Buddha has shaped this philosophical establishment in Buddhism, in spite of the fact that notwithstanding this Snelling presents another key term tathata which as indicated by Buddhism philosophical establishments implies ‘thusness’ or ‘suchness’ which means Emptiness in its inborn perspective: as it shows up in the realm of form.The Buddha, as Snelling composes, is at times called the Tathagata: ‘He who is along these lines gone’. The Tathagata (garbha implies ‘germ’) convention, then again, proposes the idea of an inescapable Absolute: the indication in type of an extraordinary

Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Conversion Kits

Compacted Natural Gas (CNG) Conversion Kits Compacted gaseous petrol (CNG) transformation kitsâ allow a technician to change over a traditional fuel vehicle to one that sudden spikes in demand for the CNG. Despite the fact that the procedure is mind boggling, it isn't really troublesome and very possible. Furthermore, on the off chance that you are precisely disposed, it should plausibly be possible in your own carport. The other alternative is to locate a willing technician that will introduce a CNG pack for you! This kind of elective fuel likewise accompanies a considerable amount of preferences including more motor force, better eco-friendliness and longer motor life generally speaking. Be that as it may, there are likewise a few concerns you should deliver before focusing on completely changing over your vehicle. You ought to counsel a believed technician for more data in regards to the rationale of rolling out this improvement. Basic Concerns One potential circle to hop through could be discharges confirmation for your specific state - a few states require extraordinary conditions since youd be changing the vehicles built fuel type. They all contrast, and some are simpler to work with than others. The U.S. Division of Energy offers this outflows affirmation data and CSA America offers an accessible database of packed gaseous petrol chamber controllers. Another know before-you-do-it-thing is to find the CNG filling stations in your general vicinity to be certain you’ll have standard access to the fuel. This station discoverer for CNG and elective powers incorporates evaluating for the United States. Another other option, in the event that you have flammable gas in your house, is to introduce a Phill home refueling apparatus. These gadgets pack and apportion a tank of fuel in around 8 hours. They are intended to be appended for the time being, conveying a full tank before sun-up. Another choice could be to introduce a CNG blower at your home, which regularly runs upwards of $4,500. Where to Get the Kits Luckily, there is no deficiency of merchants for these CNG change packs. Sites like CNG Interstateâ which not just offers a bi-fuel CNG/gas transformation unit and CNG chambers yet in addition a plenty of data identified with seeing how they work.â Grimhall Vehicle Upfitters additionally offers CNG transformation guidance for home establishment and is a significant reference for administrative and security data. In spite of the fact that their online store is still generally new, they offer a lot of items for CNG change. Discussing, odds are your nearby repairman will likewise have the option to get the correct devices for the activity, yet on the off chance that you live in the Denver Metro region, Redmark CNG Services offers elective fuel changes for an assortment of American vehicle makes and models with establishments accessible straightforwardly at their office. Similarly, Tulsa Gas Technologiesâ offers full changes in Tulsa, OK, and Dallas, TX.

Expert Tips on How to Write a Case Study With Perfection

Expert Tips on How to Write a Case Study With Perfection There are various methods to define how to write a case study. There are four kinds of methods to write a case study which are exploratory (investigative), illustrative (expressive of events), critical (inspect specific subject with cause and effect results) and cumulative (combined comparisons of the information). Upon familiarizing yourself with the various types and styles of guidance for how to write a case study and how each relates to your needs, there are some measures that allow you to compose the case effortlessly. These can certify the creation and execution of a consistent case study when demonstrating an argument or highlighting accomplishments. Phase I: How to start writing a Case Study Summary Phase I: How to start writing a Case StudyStep 1: Format of the Case StudyStep 2: Case Study topicStep 3: Case studies distributed on the related or similar matter of the subject.Phase II: Formulating the InterviewsStep 1: SubjectStep 2: InterviewPhase III: Finding DataStep 1: Conducting the InterviewsStep 2: Examine all applicable dataStep 3: Articulate the problemPhase IV: Writing the CaseStep 1: Write a Case StudyStep 2: Adding References (and Appendices if applicable)Step 3: Make Deletions and Additions.Step 4: Edit and Proofread your Work. Step 1: Format of the Case Study Defining the design, type and style of the case study are most appropriate for your proposed audience.Organizations can select expressive case studies for demonstrating what has been prepared for the clients who are educators, schools and students can select critical or cumulative case studies and authorized teams can validate how to write a case study as a method to deliver accurate suggestions. Step 2: Case Study topic Define your case study topic.You have todecide where your work will take place (site of your case) and what your work is about and once you have selected your point.What did you talk about in the classroom? During your study, you came up with questions. Step 3: Case studies distributed on the related or similar matter of the subject. Communicate with your friends, go to the library, and browse the web before you feel lazy.Nobody needs repeating the research, which is done already. Phase II: Formulating the Interviews Step 1: Subject Pick subjects to be included in the case study.The best information will be given by specialists in a specific field of study or by users who have applied a method or toolis the focus of the analysis.Choose professional interviewees. They do not actually must be on the website, but they have to be directly involved, either consciously or in the past. Step 2: Interview Create a set of questions for the interview and determine whether the research will be performed.It could be by interviews and experiences in-person community, personal interviews, or mobile interviews.Email is an alternative at times. Phase III: Finding Data Step 1: Conducting the Interviews Ask the related and associated questions about all the topics concerned and make sure you have different viewpoints on a related topic or service.Generally, you get enough detail when you make a comment that does not require someone to respond with a yes or a no.What you are attempting to get the participant to tell you something that he or she understands and feels, even though before you ask the question, you do not always know what it is going to be.Hold the questions available. Step 2: Examine all applicable data Collect and examineall relevant data, including documentation, reports of collections, notes, and objects.Establish all your reports at a similar place to ensure easy use of resources and information when formulating the case study. Step 3: Articulate the problem Articulate the question in one or two words.Talk about how you might place what you find in an essay-like argument as you go through the results.Which trends were brought to light by your subjects?It will encourage you to focus on the most valuable content.You are entitled to obtain information that needs tobe included from applicants but only on the outskirts.Organize the products to match this. Phase IV: Writing the Case Step 1: Write a Case Study Create and compose the case study utilizing the data gathered all through the stages of the investigation, interviews, and interpretation.So according to your case studyminimum of four segments: an overview, background information describing why the case study was made, presenting results and a conclusion that explicitly explains all the evidence and references.The presentation should be setting the stage very specifically.The crime occurs right at the beginning of a detective story and the investigator has to piece together the facts for the remaining story to solve it.You may start by asking a query in one situation. You could cite anyone you interviewed. Step 2: Adding References (and Appendices if applicable) Just as you might apply to your references in any other document. That is why in the first place, you have trustworthy ones.Moreover, if you have any studies-related information that would have disrupted the bodys movement, contain it now.You can have words that are hard to understand for other societies.If it is the case, be included in the Instructors Note or Appendix. Step 3: Make Deletions and Additions. When the research is evolving, you can find that it can transform into an entity that you would not have anticipated otherwise. If it does, attach and remove when required.You can notice the knowledge that you once felt was important is no more relevant or conversely.Go through section by the segment of your report, but also as one.That data point will suitable into its position and the job as a whole.If you are unable to find a suitable location for something, keep it in the appendices. Step 4: Edit and Proofread your Work. Check for minute changes now that the article has been conceived.As always, fix any mistakes in pronunciation, punctuation, and grammar, but also keep an eye out for change and movement.Is everything as efficient as possible put and formulated?Have another proofread, because the subconscious may have been ignorant of the errors.Another set of eyes may also find open-ended or otherwise ambiguous information. Conclusion Now you have gone through all the steps of how to write a case study. But if you still find it difficult to write a case study. Then get the case study writing help from the experts at nominal charges.

Did Andrew Jacksons Removal Act Benefit the Indians Essay

Robert V. Remini shows that Andrew Jackson’s Indian Removal Act benefits the Native Americans. Andrew Jackson made notice of the issue with the Indians in his inaugural speech on March 4, 1829. He declared that he wanted to give humane and considerable attention to the Indian’s rights and wants in respect to the government and people. Jackson knew that meant to get rid of all remaining tribes beyond the Mississippi River. He (Jackson) believed that the Indians would be better off in the west; without the influence from the white man or local authority. Jackson hired two Tennessee generals to go visit the Creeks and Cherokees to see if the Indians would leave voluntarily. In that, those who did not leave would be protected by the†¦show more content†¦The money granted by the Indian Removal Act would not reach the amount needed to cover all costs. He expected it would take tens ofmillions of dollars, but the cost of Indian lives and suffering was priceless. The I ndians begged for protection and to be left alone. They didn’t want to be crowded anymore. The Americans didn’t trust the Indians at all, but they thought that they could resolve the problem without conflicting with their conscience or moral sensibility. Francis Paul Prucha, a scholar of Native American history, believed that there were four courses of action. First, there was genocide, but nobody was demented enough to propose it. Second, there was immigration; which Indians did not want to join the white man’s culture. Third, they could enforce existing treaties and protect the Natives. Or fourth, removal, which was Jackson’s pick because it would work. In Jackson’s mind, he expected the Indians to thrive as they did in their current home, except there would be no white men. Three chiefs, each one from the Chippewa, Potawatomi, and Ottawa tribes, came forward to the White House and told about their suffering. 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However democratic Jackson mayRead MoreThe War Of The Creek War1082 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Hitler Andrew Jackson was the â€Å"by-any-means† type of American, who had no real concern for the long-term effects of his actions. He would gladly slaughter a tribe of Natives to further U.S. holdings, as a matter of fact, he did, several in fact. However, although Jackson committed a great deal of such atrocities, some of which are incredibly well-known, he’s still viewed as, above all else, a national hero by some in the present-day. Prior to Jackson’s presidency, wherein the great majority

Literature Review Obesity And Lifestyle Behaviors

Literature Review for Obesity Collin M Rofshus University of South Dakota Student December 12, 2014 Author Note Collin Rofshus, Department of Health Sciences, University of South Dakota Collin Rofshus is now a junior at the University of South Dakota. This paper fulfills the critical writing graduate component of the course HSC 440, Major Issues in Health and Human Services. Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Collin Rofshus, Collin.Rofshus@coyotes.usd.edu. #1 Is Ideal Body Image Related to Obesity and Lifestyle Behaviors in African-American Adolescents? A peer-review by Chen and Wang (2013), Is Ideal Body Image Related to Obesity and Lifestyle Behaviors in African-American Adolescents, is carried out by the Institutional Review Board at the University of Illinois at Chicago and John Hopkins University Bloomberg School of public health. Chen is a MD of the profession pathology. Pathology is the study of understanding if one’s body image can correlate to obesity or Vis versa. Wang plays an important researcher in the study due to the fact he was the founding director of the Johns Hopkins Global Center on Childhood Obesity and also is affiliated with the Obesity Society (TOS). Given the qualifications of the authors, the source of research is a credible source. The purpose of the study is to understand connections between ideal body image (IBI) and the prevalence rate of obesity. Obesity is becoming a worldwide issue, however,Show MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children And Adolescents1427 Words   |  6 PagesA: Literature Review Many children living in the world are well nourished and consume foods that contain sufficient amounts of protein, carbohydrate, fat and micronutrients in order to meet their nutritional requirements. However, there has been a downfall of recommended dietary standards considerably fallen short within children’s diets. Furthermore, an insignificant diet as well as physical inactivity, results in an energy imbalance and can lead to a major social issue of childhood obesity. TheRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Growing Problem1378 Words   |  6 PagesDid you know that obesity has become such a ‘growing’ quandary that for the first time ever today’s children are expected to have a life expectancy that is shorter than their parents (Gance-Cleveland, Gilbert, Kopanos, Gilbert, 2009, p. 72)? Obesity in children and adolescents has become a worldwide epidemic, increasing every year. In fact, childhood obesity in the United States (US) has increased to 17%, which has nearly tripled the prevalence of obesity in the last three decades (Center forRead MoreThe Relationship Between Ethnicities And Obesity1506 Words   |  7 PagesMany studies have conducted significant research on the relationship between ethnicities and obesity. 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Construction of Knowledge Free Essays

Throughout this course, we have been exposed to various fields of literature that revolve around a specific theme portraying the argument and point being made. It is possible, however, that two very opposite articles with unrelated topics can and may revolve around a similar theme. Beginning on page 239 of Katherine Ann Ackley’s Perspectives on Contemporary Issues, author Jean Kilbourne describes the impact that advertising has had on our society in her write Advertising’s Influence on Media Content. We will write a custom essay sample on Construction of Knowledge or any similar topic only for you Order Now This article shares a close connection Lois Lowry’s Newbery Medal-winning novel, The Giver. In this dystopian society, a society characterized by human misery (Dictionary. com), officials regulate what the members of the Community know and experience. In addition to Kilbourne, published in The Atlantic in 2008 is writer David Carr’s article Is Google Making Us Stupid? Carr explains that the use of the internet and web browsers such as Google has altered the process in which we perceive information. Although these articles discuss very different issues, from contradicting advertisements to the perception of information, one can take notice to a striking resemblance. The construction of knowledge is affected through both the impact of advertisements in society as well as our recent exposure to the luxury of the internet. The regulation of information and the modern, instantaneous method of attaining knowledge contribute to the deterioration of our construction of knowledge. Author Jean Kilbourne describes in her article Advertising’s Influence on Media Content the misrepresentation of information provided by the media through magazines and television. The media exerts their content in two major ways: via the suppression of information that would harm or offend the sponsor and via the inclusion of editorial content that reflects the product in a positive light (Kilbourne, 239). The line between advertising and editorial content is blurred by advertorials, product placement, and video news releases (239). Strikingly, up to 85% of the news we get is bought and paid for by corporations eager to gain positive publicity (239). It is startling to see the control that the media has on what advertisements we as a society are exposed of, and how information is being filtered and regulated for the open public. In 1998, a scandal surfaced concerning the working conditions in foreign factories that supply Nike. Nike’s sponsorship of CBS’ Olympic coverage was rewarded when correspondents delivered the news wearing jackets emblazoned with Nike’s symbol (240). The president of CBS News denied that this sponsorship had anything to do with the investigative 48 Hours segment that had been released just before (240). The editor of The San Francisco Examiner likewise denied that Nike’s co-sponsorship of their annual promotion was in any way related to kill a column by a reporter that was highly critical of Nike (240). It is clear that corporations such as Nike have a way with advertising and have mastered the technique of masking their scandalous ways. Nike’s influence on the media and filtering of information is frightening, and its control over the construction of knowledge has deterred society from questioning its actions. In connection to the concealment of truths, Lois Lowry’s novel The Giver is based upon the construction of knowledge of a civilization. The novel revolves around Jonas, a twelve-year-old boy living in a dystopian society, where people lead dehumanized and often fearful lives (Lowry). He is chosen among his community to serve as the â€Å"Receiver of Memory† where he will maintain the past memories of a time before Sameness filled with pain and suffering, and the training for which will isolate him from his family and friends forever (Lowry). He learns through the previous Receiver, known as the Giver, about true knowledge and is exposed to a world shunned from the others of that society (Lowry). Jonas experiences a life full of love, color, choices, and knowledge, but consequently with hatred, suffering and misery (Lowry). The members of his community are content because they do not know of a better life, and the knowledge of what they are missing out on could create major chaos (Lowry). This is relative to Kilbourne’s argument that major corporations are releasing selected advertisements that expose only what they want the public to see. In the case of the Nike Corporation, the concealment of their horrid working conditions is relevant to Sameness in The Giver. By suppressing information from society, a higher power is in charge of regulating what the community is exposed of, and therefore interfering with their construction of knowledge. One of the main strategies that Kilbourne targets is the contradicting placement of advertisements within women’s magazines. Kilbourne points out the contrasting views within a magazine, from the front cover, through the context of the magazine, all the way to the advertisement appearing on the back page. The various headlines included on the cover appear to be along the lines of weight-loss advice, how to make the perfect chocolate cake, hair-styling tips, and numerous ways to avoid aging. Once you make your way to the pages within the magazine, numerous articles feature luscious cakes and pies juxtaposed with articles about diets. This, Kilbourne writes, is an invitation to pathology, fueling the paradoxical obsession with food and weight control that is one of the hallmarks of eating disorders (241). Women’s Day once offered an article on â€Å"Special Report on Deadly Appliances†. Lest we think this is not a serious problem, 80 people died and 370 were injured by these killer appliances (242). On the back cover of the exact magazine, however, there is an advertisement for cigarettes, a product that kills over 400,000 people a year (242). In 1996, an informal survey was conducted of popular women’s magazines that covered stories varying from countless health issues (242). These issues include skin cancer, Pap smears, and leukemia, as well as outstanding claims such as how breast cancer can be held off with aspirin and the possibility that dry-cleaned clothes can cause cancer (242). The back covers of all of these magazines contained an advertisement for cigarettes, and not a single mention of lung cancer and heart disease caused by smoking (242). The contents within these magazines contradict themselves, and it is obvious how major companies have played a role in regulating the news we receive through the media. The construction of knowledge is interrupted by the filtering of information by these companies paying off the media, restricting exposure to the real problems and issues in our society. Similarly to Kilbourne, David Carr expresses his concern for the construction of knowledge, although through a dissimilar issue. In his article Is Google Making Us Stupid, Carr expresses the influence that the internet has made on how we perceive information. Carr himself has personally been affected by the speedy resource that Google has provided for him (Carr). There has been a change in Carr’s perception of information, where he claims to have lost a sense of focus and that he feels he is literally dragging his way through a piece (Carr). Now, with the assistance of Google, research that once required days in the library can now be done in minutes (Carr). Instead of reading thoroughly the context of an article, Carr finds himself scanning headlines and blog posts, watching videos and podcasts, or just tripping link to link to link (Carr). In his words, Carr describes his own personal spectacle: â€Å"Once I was a scuba diver in the sea of words. Now I zip along the surface like a guy on a Jet Ski† (Carr). Further research has been conducted to explore the phenomenon. A recently published study of online research habits, conducted by scholars form University College London, suggests that we may well be in the midst of a sea of change in the way we read and think (Carr). The scholars examined computer logs documenting the behavior of visitors to two research sites over the course of five years. People using these sites exhibited a â€Å"form of skimming activity†, hopping from one source to another and rarely returning to any source they had already visited (Carr). It is apparent that our society has experienced a huge deterioration in the construction of knowledge. The perception of information has been influenced by the fast-paced and ever-expanding internet. Because we cannot fully absorb the content before us, our construction of knowledge has worsened and eroded. At a first glance, the articles Advertising’s Influence on Media Content and Is Google Making Us Stupid, written by Joan Kilbourne and David Carr, respectively, have nearly nothing in common in terms of their surface context. Kilbourne’s article relates to the impact of advertisements within the media, while Carr’s piece explains the deteriorating perception of knowledge. In addition to these two articles is the novel The Giver written by Lois Lowry, describing a dystopian society and the effects of regulating information. These pieces, while covering a vast span of topics and issues, commonly cover a deeper meaning: the construction of knowledge. All three sources explain the influence of media and other outside sources on how we perceive and stimulate knowledge based on our exposure. The regulation of information and the modern, instantaneous method of attaining knowledge have in fact contributed to the deterioration of our construction of knowledge. Works Cited Carr, David. â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid? † The Atlantic Day July/August 2008. Magazine. â€Å"Dystopia. † Dictionary. com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. 13 Apr. 2013. Dictionary. com http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/dystopia. Kilbourne, Jean. â€Å"Advertising’s Influence on Media Content. † Perspectives on Contemporary Issues: Readings Across the Disciplines. 6th ed. Ed. Katherine Anne Ackley. Boston: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2012. 230-233. Print. Lowry, Lois. The Giver. New York, NY: Houghton Mifflin, 1993. Print. How to cite Construction of Knowledge, Papers

University of Pennsylvania Received Over 40,000 Applications This Year

University of Pennsylvania received a significant increase in applications this year, surpassing the 40,000 mark and growing the applicant pool by almost 4%. A total of 40,413 applications were submitted to UPenn’s admissions office, and only 9.2% of applicants, or 3,699 students were accepted. The increase in applications explains the 0.2% decline in acceptance rate, especially when the university accepted 41 more students. University of Pennsylvania is expecting 2,445 students for the Class of 2021. About 55% of those seats are already filled by the 1,354 students who were admitted Early Decision, a program that is binding for accepted students. The university also reported an increase in early applicants and accepted 22% of applicants. Regular decision is much more competitive with a larger applicant pool and an acceptance rate of 6.8%. Out of the 34,266 regular applicants, 2,345 were accepted. Additionally, 13% of UPenn’s newly admitted class are legacy students, while another 14% are the first in their family to attend college. UPenn partners with many non-profit organizations, like QuestBridge and SteppingStone Scholars, and offered admissions to 225 students in one or more of these organizations. Congratulations to the UPenns Class of 2021! To those still waiting on results, good luck! Check out our list of major admission decision release dateshere. Don’t let your application essays and materials go to waste. Join otherUPenn Admitsand turn your success into insights for future applicants bycreating a profile. Plus, you get to earn some extra money!

Free Essays on The Saint Against Racism

Katharine Drexel was the second child born of Francis Anthony and Hannah Jane Drexel, on November 26, 1858. A month after Katharine’s birth, Hanna passed away, and for the next two years, Katharine and her older sister were taken care of by their aunt and uncle. After the time of two years had gone by, Francis had remarried to Emma Bouvier, and the couple had a child. All three of Francis’ children were raised in a home full of faith and love. The girls grew up teaching at a Sunday school that Emma had opened for the children of employees of their estate as well as their neighbors. They also spent a few days a week giving service to the poor. When Katharine was twenty-one, Emma became ill with cancer, and for three years Katharine nursed her. It was in this time she began to realize God might be calling her to a religious life. When Emma died, Katharine wrote to her spiritual director, Reverend James O’Conner, who in turn advised her to, â€Å"Think, pray, and wait.† About three years later, Katharine’s father passed away, leaving his daughters as the beneficiaries of his estate and fortune. The Drexel sisters did not use the inheritance for themselves; instead, a greater portion of it was used to support their charity and missionary efforts. Throughout her lifetime, Katharine had done much traveling, and had seen the lives of Native Americans, and had become astutely aware of the injustice of their suffering. She visited many reservations, taking into account the needs of the people, supplying them with priests, food, clothing, and salaries for teachers. Katharine was particularly interested in making sure that all were provided with an education. She was also becoming more aware of how the Blacks in the South and East were suffering, and did not hesitate to give them the same charities she had offered the Native Americans. By now, Katharine’s call to the religious life was stronger than ever. She desired to b... Free Essays on The Saint Against Racism Free Essays on The Saint Against Racism Katharine Drexel was the second child born of Francis Anthony and Hannah Jane Drexel, on November 26, 1858. A month after Katharine’s birth, Hanna passed away, and for the next two years, Katharine and her older sister were taken care of by their aunt and uncle. After the time of two years had gone by, Francis had remarried to Emma Bouvier, and the couple had a child. All three of Francis’ children were raised in a home full of faith and love. The girls grew up teaching at a Sunday school that Emma had opened for the children of employees of their estate as well as their neighbors. They also spent a few days a week giving service to the poor. When Katharine was twenty-one, Emma became ill with cancer, and for three years Katharine nursed her. It was in this time she began to realize God might be calling her to a religious life. When Emma died, Katharine wrote to her spiritual director, Reverend James O’Conner, who in turn advised her to, â€Å"Think, pray, and wait.† About three years later, Katharine’s father passed away, leaving his daughters as the beneficiaries of his estate and fortune. The Drexel sisters did not use the inheritance for themselves; instead, a greater portion of it was used to support their charity and missionary efforts. Throughout her lifetime, Katharine had done much traveling, and had seen the lives of Native Americans, and had become astutely aware of the injustice of their suffering. She visited many reservations, taking into account the needs of the people, supplying them with priests, food, clothing, and salaries for teachers. Katharine was particularly interested in making sure that all were provided with an education. She was also becoming more aware of how the Blacks in the South and East were suffering, and did not hesitate to give them the same charities she had offered the Native Americans. By now, Katharine’s call to the religious life was stronger than ever. She desired to b...

A Mediocre Photographers Guide to Professional Photography

A Mediocre Photographers Guide to Professional Photography I’ve been a freelance writer for thirteen years. While I’m mainly a writer, hundreds of my photographs have been published in books, magazines, newspapers, and online. I’ve made thousands of dollars from my photos, yet I’m at best a mediocre photographer. I’m not a visual person, and I’ve taken only one â€Å"easy A† college photography class that was back in the days of dark rooms and print film. I’m not alone. Many writers supplement their income with photos even if they aren’t primarily photographers. Here are some tips to help you augment your writing income with your photos. This isn’t a beginner’s guide to photography - there are plenty of those already - but rather a guide to using your current level of ability to its best advantage. Always Use the Highest Resolution: Set your camera to the highest resolution and largest format and leave it there. Even if your assignment is for an online publication that uses small, low-res images, you never know when you’ll need those large, high-res images for print media. Print requires at least 300 dpi (dots per inch). Go beyond that. Why? Because bigger pictures mean you can crop more and zoom in on details better, and a little blurriness disappears when you scale it down. Quantity Begets Quality: The trick to taking good photos is taking a lot of photos. Pros know this, and it’s doubly important for amateurs. The digital era has made taking photos virtually free, so click away. You’ll find plenty of wheat in the chaff. Also avoid the manual setting. As travel writer Pam Mandel says, â€Å"Everything that teaches you about going pro wants you out of automatic. But you know what? Cameras are smarter and smarter these days and if you don’t understand what’s happening with the light, it’s okay to use auto or the presets.† Take a Combination of Vertical and Horizontal Shots, Close-ups and Wide Views: Editors love choice and often pick a particular photo as much for how it fits into the layout as for the content. Give them a wide variety and more than the article actually requires.    Subject Is Everything: The more interesting your subject, the less your readers will notice your lack of talent. Take this photo, for instance. It’s of a castle in Gondar, Ethiopia. Wait, a castle in Ethiopia? Yep. Pretty, too. You might almost overlook the lack of people or the overly wide foreground. The first problem can be solved Spotting a Good Shot: Keep your camera handy and your eyes open for unusual, funny, or arresting images. Sometimes the best shots only last an instant. Another important aspect is depth. Freelancer Kyle Ellison says, â€Å"My wife, who takes far better photos than I, keeps hammering home the importance of depth in my photos. Depth! Depth! A   sunset over a horizon is flat and 2D, whereas a sunset over a horizon with a palm frond in front of it is 3D.† Photo Editors Are Your Friends: I’m talking both computer programs and people here. Inexpert photographers often over- or underexpose their shots, or improperly frame them like that castle photo. If Photoshop is beyond you, even basic programs like Paint and GIMP allow you to crop, resize, adjust brightness, and more. It’s a lot easier to make a perfect shot than to take a perfect shot. Beyond that, your publisher has a real live photo editor who knows much more than you do. Don’t be afraid to ask for help. Chances are they’ll fiddle with your photos anyway. And make sure you know your market. Ellison adds, â€Å"It’s important to look at the types of photos being published in the outlets you’re looking at. You could be the most artistic photog on Earth, but if your personal ‘style’ isn’t what usually publishes then it probably isn’t going to happen.† Creative Commons Is Your Friend: Still can’t get a decent shot? Use someone else’s expertise. There are countless images under the Creative Commons license freely available free for commercial use. Two of the best sources are Wikimedia Commons and Flickr. The photo-sharing site Flickr, a photo-sharing site, is the better of the two because more of its photos are high resolution. Additionally, if you’re covering an organized event, ask the press officer if they have photos available. Institutions such as museums or convention and visitor’s bureaus generally have a stock of images. There are many types of Creative Commons licenses. Make sure the owner allows commercial use. If she doesn’t, it never hurts to ask if you can use it. The worst she can do is say no. Some licenses require that you don’t alter the photo, an annoying restriction, and the vast majority ask for credit. Send the photographer a copy of the finished work. Building up friendly relations with pros is always a good idea. So don’t sweat your lack of artistic talent. Get snapping!

Extra Credit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Extra Credit - Essay Example At one point, some of the house owners could not sustain the charges and opted for the house to be taken by the bank (Ciro 68). The value for the mortgage dropped in two years to almost 50%, which represents a tremendous loss for the bank. The drop in sales and demand for mortgage made recovery of loans impossible. Many house sellers were making losses, while the bank was speculating for change in demand, which never occurred. The result was surplus of housing units with low demand affecting the prices of the housing units. The mortgage industry was among the main sectors that contributed to the financial crisis by creating price reduction. With the massive losses incurred from the mortgage industry, it was impossible for the banks to survive because of reliance on the mortgage as collateral. The losses were reflected on the bank balance sheet leading to increased liability. The continuous drop in value of housing unit did influence the uptake of loans. Initially, loans were taken with some areas such as California having bigger loans due to the cost of housing (Tongue 86). The number of customers willing to buy housing units has been decreasing while the house construction companies are constructing new houses. The result of the imbalance is the surplus witnessed in the mortgage industry. Bank lending was affected. Banks refuse to lend because of the volatility of the market leading to the panic in the market. In response to the reduced lending, the prices of mortgage came down significantly leading to increased losses in the banking and mortgage sectors of the economy. The capital and financial markets were affected. The effect lasted despite efforts of the government to provide bail out. The bail out did not achieve its goal because the liability in the financial sector had surpassed the availed finances. The steady decline in the value of the

Evaluation of Agency's Human Resources Management Research Paper

Evaluation of Agency's Human Resources Management - Research Paper Example Ray Consortium is an agency located in the US. I did a research that revealed that this agency has processes and systems that intersect between information technology and human resource management. One of the agency’s major components of human resource processes for hiring and retaining is the enterprise-resource-planning package (Department of Administration, 2004). In this package, the agency merges human resource management as a doctrine with its basic human resource processes and activities, within the field of information technology in particular (Lawler, 2004). With the emergency of enterprise resource planning software, this agency added its crucial components of planning to incorporate data processing systems programs that standardize routines and integrate information from and within various applications towards a single universal database. According to the human resource manager of Ray Consortium, integration of enterprise resource planning as a major component of th e agency’s human resource system facilitated faster and easier linkage of the agency’s human resource modules and financial modules.This procedure aims at motivating, mobilizing, and fostering their zeal towards their respective jobs.In identifying predecessors of different sections of the agency, this agency uses modules of human resource that link performance of an employee through a single database that provides the most important distinction among the proprietary and individually developed predecessors.... This procedure aims at motivating, mobilizing, and fostering their zeal towards their respective jobs (Lawler, 2004). In identifying predecessors of different sections of the agency, this agency uses modules of human resource that link performance of an employee through a single database that provides the most important distinction among the proprietary and individually developed predecessors. This procedure makes the enterprise resource planning and development application both flexible and rigid. In order to acquire and retain the best employees with excellent skills and knowledge, this agency devised a recruitment system called the Talent Management systems that typically encompasses things like identification of potential applicants, recruitment via company facing listings, and recruiting by the use of online means which market to both the applicant and recruiters (Berman, 2012). According to analysts, this process has the best means of acquiring the best employees, since it make s the overall acquiring and retaining process competitive. Implications of the Human Resource Workforce After analyzing the existing processes, systems, and components of the agency’s human resource, this paper established that there have been identical cases of success due to planned methodologies of facilitating work. For instance, presence of learning management systems within this agency contributes to concurrent increase in productivity, delivery, invention, and incorporation of diverse measures of ensuring competitive workforce (Lawler, 2004). Additionally, due to its well-trained and equipped workforce, the agency was able to establish a board that maintains a

Importance of Maximising Shareholder Value

Importance of Maximising Shareholder Value Introduction Firms may have different objectives to achieve. However in theory, a firm should set its objectives to increase its value for its owners. Shareholders are the owners of a firm. Therefore according to theory maximising shareholders wealth is the fundamental objective of a firm. (Watson Head -Corporate Finance principles and practice 2007) Investors generally expect to earn satisfactory returns on their investments as they require increasing the value of their investments as much as possible. This is usually determined by dividend payout and or capital gains by increasing the market value of the share price. The managers of the company act on behalf of the investors, such as operating day to day activities and making decisions within the business. In another way they do have the control of the business entity. However, firms may have other objectives to achieve such as maximising of profits, growth and increasing its markets share. When achieving these objectives of a firm, conflicts may arise as a result of ownership and control. Managers may make their decisions on their own interests rather than achieving investors wealth. Discussing the investor related goals as described earlier, in theory behaviour of management should be consistent towards maximising shareholders wealth, enhancing the value of the business (Basely Brigham- Essentials of Managerial Finance).Value of the business is measured by valuing firms price of shares. Its essential to consider maximising of stock prices, and its impact to the investors and the economy as a whole simultaneously. Maximising profits is also an objective of a firm. It is determined by maximising the firms net profits. It is also can be described as a short term objective whilst maximising the value of the company is a long term objective for a firm (Financial Management -Kaplan Publishers 2009). Therefore it is not necessary, maximising profits as maximising shareholders wealth because there are number of potential problems can be occurred adapting to an objective of profit maximisation. It will be discussed in the latter part of the report. Earnings per share (EPS) is one of the main indicators of the firms profitability and it is a broadly used method measuring firms success, as it is determined return to equity in theory (Financial Management Kaplan Publishers 2009).However, EPS doesnt expose the firms wealth since it is determined by using firms net profits. Therefore EPS is also exist the same criticism as profit maximisation above which will be discussing in the later part of the report. During the past ten years have seen a much greater emphasis on investor related goals. The conflict of ownership and control can be recognised as one of the significant causes which were affected investors and the world economy in the past ten years. The corporate scandals such as Enron, Maxwell and World com which occurred recent past had been lost investors confidence towards capital markets. Therefore its essential to consider the ethical behaviour and social responsibilities towards shareholder wealth maximisation simultaneously. It can also be said the institutional investors such as insurance companies and pension funds had also made a significant influence on investor related goals in the recent past. Review of Literature OBJECTIVES OF PROFIT MAXIMISATION According to Watson and Head 2007, whilst individuals manage their own cash flows, the financial manager involves in managing cash flows on behalf of the company, and its owners. In a firm financial management is concerned with taking decisions in three key areas which are financing, investing and dividend policy. Watson and Head also mentioned, shareholders wealth maximisation as the primary objective of the firm and at the same time the existence of other stakeholder groups such as creditors, employees, customers and community are also affected when adapting to a corporate goal. However the firm may adopt one or several objectives in short term whilst its pursued the objective of shareholders wealth maximisation in long term(Basely and Brigham; Essentials of Managerial Finance). Therefore it is essential to be considered the other possible objectives in short term as well as long term simultaneously. Reviewing one of the main objectives of profit maximisation, a classic article of Milton Friedman in the New York Times magazine 1970The social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its profits (Poitras, Geoffrey 1994). Considering classical views of Friedman (1970), Grant (1991), and Danley(1991), Geoffrey analysed the connection between shareholders wealth maximisation and profit maximisation, as an foundation for establishing an ethical analysis for shareholders wealth maximisation. However, Friedman had a moderate view later relating to the concept of profit maximisation towards social responsibilities. (Pradip N Khandwalla, Management paradigms beyond profit maximisation 2004) While there were similarities between these two objectives, Solomon; 1963, chp.2 highlighted the inconsistencies in his classic article (Poitras, Geoffrey 1994). Considering the above views from different authors, Geoffreys suggestion was Even though there are significant consistencies between these two goals, the goal of profit maximisation has designed for the traditional microeconomic environment and for the firms which do not have the conflict of ownership and control. It is also assumed that its applied for the environment where there was no uncertainty and no stock issues( Poitras, Geoffrey, 1994). According to Keown, Martin and Petty, 2008; Lasher 2008; Ross Westerfield, and Jordan; 2008, Managers are encouraged to maximise its current stock prices by the shareholder theory, therefore the criticisms are understandable. This approach determines the existence of agency problem towards incentive schemes, as incentives are rewarded with the continuous growth of share price and leads to an unethical behaviour of managers, towards manipulating the firms current stock prices (Daniel, Heck Shaffer). CONFLICT OF OWNERSHIP AND CONTROL The conflict of ownership and control was first identified by Adam Smith (RBS Review 1937) and he suggested that the Director cannot protect the other peoples money with the same way that he protects his money (Tony Howell; Shareholder ship model versus Stakeholder ship model). Its also mentioned in Tony and Howells article, that the separation of ownership and control make a significant influence for corporate behaviour and its deeply discussed by Berle and Means (1932). But La Porta et al. (1999) argued against Berle and Means, and he suggested its different from the large corporations, because the shareholders of large corporations involved in corporate governance actively where managers are unaccountable (Tony and Howell; shareholder ship model versus Stakeholder ship model). Winch (1971) suggested the goal of profit maximisation is consistent with the ethical theory of utilitarianism whilst allocating resources under different circumstances. (Poitras, Geoffrey 1994). Having considered Winchs suggestion related to the utilitarian theory and profit maximisation, Geoffreys (1994) view was that, inter temporal behaviour is important for firms and efficient investment has a significant affect towards maximising of profits as a result of uncertain future cash flows. It is also discussed the potential conflict of ownership and control. Therefore Geoffrey (1994) suggested the separation of ownership, the decision makers (managers) and owners (shareholders) are involved to the corporate structure. SHAREHOLDERS Vs STAKEHOLDERS Even though most of the economists and authors acknowledge the theory of shareholder wealth maximisation (Berle and Means, 1932; Friedman, 1962), other authors argued the criticisms of shareholder wealth maximisation. They argued that Shareholder Theory encourages the managers to make short term decisions and behave unethically as a result of the influence of the other stakeholders. According to Smith (2003) believed Shareholder theory is prepared to maximise short term objectives at the expense of long term goals (Daniel, Heck Shaffer; Journal of Applied Finance; winter 2008). However Daniel, Heck and Shaffer analysed the reasons for the criticism and the misguidance of the shareholders theory in their article about shareholder theory, How Opponents and Proponents Both Get it Wrong? The misguidance has been occurred as a result of pursuing a long term objective in shareholder theory. Managers should maximise the future cash flows and its important to consider the stakeholders accor dingly (Jensen, 2002; Sundaram and Inkpen, 2004a). According to Freeman (1984) a firm should consider both shareholders and stakeholders when making their business decisions. However Daniel, Heck and Shaffer describes that the stakeholder theory determines the same criticism as short term behaviour but the shareholder theory has got the protection for both shareholders and stakeholders in the long run. Therefore stakeholder theory is not predominant to shareholder theory. Daniel, Heck and Shaffer suggested the expected future cash flows to analyse the above scenario and they argued that its essential to undertake all the positive NPV projects to maximise shareholders wealth analysing towards maximising current stock price. If there was a goal of increasing of current share price, managers who are rewarded by incentives may attempt to boost the stock price of the firm. However Jenson (2005) and Danielson and press (2006) argued the effort to increase or maintain the stock prices by m anagement could be destroyed the long term values of the firm by manipulation, unethical behaviour, delaying NPV positive projects, reducing or not spending on research and development. Jenson has taken Enron as an example for explaining the above scenario. The management of Enron had hidden their debts through off balance sheet activities and by manipulating the company accounts (Daniel, Heck and Shaffer). Therefore Daniel, Heck and Shaffer suggested that its essential to design strategies which are consistent with the objective of increasing future cash flows rather than adopting an objective of increasing of current stock price to maximise the wealth of shareholders. Freeman, Wicks and Parmar (2004) argued that all the recent business scandals are oriented toward ever increasing shareholder value at the expense of other stakeholders (Poitras, Jefforey; 1994) After a number of high profile firms collapsed i:e: Enron, WorldCom and Arthur Anderson in US and Maxwell, Polly Peck, BCCI, Barings bank in UK, its been determined the requirement of a good Corporate Governance (Tony Howell; the shareholder ship model versus stakeholder ship model). According to Tony Howell, Corporate Governance has been growing for the past 25 years and the foundation for Corporate Governance was placed, after the introduction of Cadbury report in 1992 (UK). Omran et. al.2002; Mills, 1998; Fera, 1997 suggested the importance of Corporate Governance as a result of the new entrance of Institutional Investors to Capital markets, Globalisation of Capital markets, increase of Stakeholder and Shareholder expectations(Tony and Howell). Analysis According to financial management theory, its assumed that the fundamental objective for a firm is to maximise shareholders wealth (Watson Head 2007). Analysing the suggestions and arguments towards fundamental objective, it can be seen that not only in theory but also in the real world it is essential to maximise the wealth of shareholder. Analysing the objective of profit maximisation, overriding the classical economics views by Hayek (1960) and Friedman (1970), other authors, Solomon (1963) and Geoffrey (1970) argued about the criticisms associated with the objective of maximisation of profits. The conflict of short term goal of profit maximisation and long term objective of shareholder wealth maximisation can be identified as the main conflict. If a firm adapts to an objective of profit maximisation and the managers are rewarded incentives for achieving it, the agency problem could be arise. Therefore in such a situation managers may take decisions towards their own selfish interests, rather than on shareholders. Achieving their self interest managers may reduce costs by cutting research and development costs, reducing quality control measurements, reduce advertising, using lower quality materials. At the same time the NPV positive projects could also be postponed to reduce their costs to determine more profits in s hort term. Producing low quality products, losing market share, losing customer trust on their products and finally reducing financial performance could be resulted as a result of using low cost strategies. It may lead the business towards insecure stock prices in long run. The other criticism is profit maximisation does not appraise the associated risks. Therefore managers may undertake higher NPV projects to determine higher returns. However higher the required returns, higher the risk (Peter Atrill; Financial Management for Decision Makers, 2008). Investing on risky projects will result future cash flow problems. However, shareholders are assumed as rational investors who provide finance for firms to invest in future projects. As rational investors they require a reasonable return for their investments. Therefore it can be suggested that objective of profit maximising is different from the wealth maximising. Even though shareholder wealth maximisation is the fundamental, firms are not being able to reject the profit perspective goals, because there are stakeholder groups who is interesting about financial activities in a firm. In addition to shareholders, Managers, Employees, Customers, Suppliers, finance providers and the community at large are included in the typical stakeholder group. Therefore its essential to take account of profit maximisation within the firm. As a result of these multiple objectives managers can easily pursue their own interest. In real world, financial statements are used to assess firms performance. However, profits are defined as profit before interest and tax, profit after interest and so on. Therefore the ratio of Earnings per Share is often used instead of profit which is calculated using the net profits and the number of shares issued. Investors usually use EPS as a measurement of valuing stock. EPS is mostly used as it contains of net income of the firm, and it is also used as an indicator measuring firms future cash flows. Although the disadvantage is EPS does not determine shareholders wealth. However, firms value should be determined by the future cash flows and the risk also need to be considered which is associated to the cash flow. However as mentioned earlier, profits does not take account of risks. I:e:Reported profit figures such as Biotechnological companies and other new economy ventures have insignificant relationship on its stock prices (Financial Management -Kaplan Publishers, 2009). Th erefore, in the short term theres an inconsistence between profit maximisation and increase in stock prices in a firm. According to Smith (1937), Berle and Means (1932) and Geoffrey (1994) the separation of ownership is involved the corporate structure. The conflict was mostly seen during the recent past, following the corporate scandals. According to Maria and William in the article of Privatisation and the Rise of Global Capital Markets (Financial Management; winter, 2000) The past years there was significant growth in capital markets valuation, growth in security issuance as a result of the privatisation programmes. The impacts of share issue privatisation are increasing market liquidity, pattern of share ownership (i:e: Individual and institutional investors such as Pension funds and Insurance Companies), and increasing of number of shareholders in many countries. However, globalisation was also affected on firms activities simultaneously. Therefore the firms (i:e: Enron Maxwell), which had poor Corporate Governance had the possibility to involving in unethical activities such as creative accounting and off balance sheet finance(Financial Management, Kaplan Publishers; 2009). At the same time Directors involved in high level of corporate takeover activities, achieving their personal interest such as empire buildi ng, large remuneration packages (Financial Management, Kaplan publishers; 2009). Further analysis of Stakeholder theory and Shareholder theory by different authors, Jenson 2005) and Daniel and Press (2006) argued the criticism of stakeholder theory, whilst Daniel, Heck and Shaffer (2008) and Freeman (1984) argued the importance of both shareholder and stakeholder theory. However, it can be suggested that the stakeholders play a significant role towards increasing shareholders value. As an example to motivate employees of the firm, they should be treated in a good manner by rewarding increments, bonuses and so on. Long term employee satisfaction could drive the firm towards higher performance and the development of the business by increasing higher productivity and better quality of products. Simultaneously, building up a trust among customers and acquire and maintain the industry leadership. At the same time shareholders provide finance for firms for its working capital management and noncurrent assets for its future projects. Therefore it can be seen an inter relationship and importance of shareholders and the other stakeholders. According to Peter Atrill, (Financial Management for Decision makers , 2008)In the early years financial management theory was mainly developed as part of accounting and the suggestions and arguments were based on casual observations rather than theoretical frame work. But after the number of high profile firms collapsed, the requirement of corporate governance occurred. Number of committees met and discussed to improve the Corporate Governance and the main concern was the conflict between shareholders interest and managers. Enron was the seventh largest listed company in US when its collapsed in 2001 as a result of manipulation of financial statements. Its affected to shareholders, more than 20000 employees worldwide, creditors and customers (Janis Sarra; St Johns Law Review ; Enrons Repercussion in Canada). The 11 titled Sarbanes Oxley Act 2002 CONLUSION By analysing the review of literature, it can be suggested that its essential to maximise shareholder value rather than maximising profits alone. However maximising profit is also can be defined as a performance measurement of a healthy business. Extremes of profit maximisation can also be caused unethical behaviour of management towards its shareholders and stakeholders. Although, Earnings per Share inconsistent with the long term value of shareholder, its still can be used as a performance measurement, since its got firms net profit. As a result of recent corporate scandals such as Enron, WorldCom and Arthur Anderson, shareholders and other stakeholder groups had given much emphasis on corporate behaviour. The unethical and illegal behaviour of those high profiled firms were lost investor confidence of capital markets. They identified the importance of Corporate Governance which provides the road map for managers to follow, pursuing different objectives towards the firm (Basley Brigham). At the same time the arrival of Sarbanes Oxley Act 2002 provided investors a much more confidence and strength towards capital markets. However, stakeholders are also important for firms. They are also treated well for the to maintain a Even there are conflicts between stakeholder theory and Shareholder theory, its necessary to balance these two theories. According to Cathy Haywards article (Black hole sums; Financial Management May 2003), during the period of May 2003 the pension funds in US and UK were in a bad condition. According to the assessment of National Association of Pension Funds, there was a drop in UK pension funds by more than 250 million in 2002. Its being told that there were many reasons for the crisis but, the huge drop in stock market during the economic down turn 2000-2003 has mainly been affected. The pensions funds are heavily depend on the dividend payments and the stability of the equity markets, as a result of the drop in share prices the pensions funds struggled to meet their obligations. References Besley Brigham Essentials of Managerial Finance Daniel, Heck Shaffer Journal of Applied Finance; Fall Winter 2008 Shareholder theory, How Opponents and Proponents Both Get it Wrong? Denzil Watson Antony Head Corporate Finance (electronic resource): principles and practice 2007 Management paradigms beyond profit maximisation Colloquium a debate by S K Chakraboty, Verghese Kurien, Jittu Singh, Mrityunjay Athreya, Arun Maira, Anu Aga, and Anil K Gupta. Maria K. Boutchkova William L. Megginson Privatisation and Rise of Global Capital Markets , Financial Management; Winter, 2000, p31-76 Peter Atrill Financial Management for Decision Makers 5th Edition 2008 (electronic resource) Poitras, Geoffrey Share Holder wealth Maximisation, Business ethics and social responsibility, Journal of Business Ethics; feb 1994;13,2;ABI/INFORM Global pg125 Rebecca Stratling The Legitamacy of Corporate Social Responsibility ; Corporate Ownership and Control; Volume 4; Issue 4, Summer 2007 Tony Ike Nwanji, Kerry E. Howell; A review of the two main competing models of Corporate Governance: The Shareholder ship model versus the Stakeholder ship model; Corporate Ownership and Control, Volume 5, Issue 1, Fall 2007

Artists and Self Portraits

Why would someone take the time to create a work of art that merely resembles themselves? To answer this, one must understand the famous artists of the past, both visual and literary. When analyzing a self- portrait, one notices that it often goes beyond the visual characteristics of the author. Minute details that can be easily overlooked frequently delve into the artist's personality and can sometimes make the viewer look deeper Into themselves. To answer the why of self-portraiture, one must understand the how.By comparing the tertiary elements of Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, by James Joyce, to the artistic techniques utilized by legendary artists In their self-portraits, one learns the reason of why someone would create a portrait of themselves. When making a self-portrait, It takes much more than simply looking In the mirror and copying what one sees either In text or through art. To make a self-portrait, the artist must look Into themselves and select their most Impor tant qualities that they want to show to the world. Jockey's original version of Portrait of the Artist as a YoungMan, known as Stephen Hero, was comprised of over nine hundred pages and his siblings were major characters. In the revision that made it his portrait, he decided to get rid of a few hundred of those pages and to focus exclusively on the psychological growth of his alter ego, Stephen Deals. While it must have been difficult for Joyce to completely take out a majority of his work from the published product, the more precise version gave readers a true sense of Joyce and what moments in his life affected his process of growth from a young poet to an accomplished writer.The selective process is one of the most important elements of elf-portraiture. Another important aspect of self-portraits is the use of color; in literary portraits, the use of diction. The best way to describe the importance of the two was explained by Vincent van Gogh, â€Å"Instead of trying to reproduc e exactly what I have before my eyes, I use color more arbitrarily, in order to express myself, more forcefully. † Van Gogh understood the importance of colors and how they can affect the overall message off self-portrait.In a portrait that he painted right after being admitted Into a psychiatric hospital (image 1), the background is dark blue and his shirt Is almost the same color. Because the shirt does not have a definite outline, It gives the Illusion that he is fading into the dark abyss of the background. After spending more time In the hospital, he painted another portrait (Image 2). Even though the actual Image of him is almost identical to the previous portrait, It evokes a completely different set of emotions because of the lighter colors he used.The light blue tones make the painting feel relaxed and calm whereas In the previous painting, the dark color makes It feel ominous and depressing. Van Sago's quote can also be applied Joey's writing. In the years after Step hens childhood, he never Just states what Is going on In the world around him; his Dalton and perspective always affect It. The Dalton he uses not only describes his surroundings, but It describes him as well. HIS choice of diction gives the reader Insight Into his personality and his opinion without directly stating it. When talking about prostitutes, he has two very different views.In rebellion, his encounter with the prostitute is very emotional and almost loving. He refers to her as â€Å"a young woman dressed in a long pink gown† and uses phrases like warm and lighthouse,† â€Å"embraced him gaily,† and â€Å"tears of Joy and relief shone in his delighted eyes† to show his happiness and comfort in the presence of the woman. In the third chapter, when Stephen is beginning to close himself off emotionally, he calls prostitutes â€Å"whore's† and describes them using words like â€Å"squalid,† â€Å"yawning lazily,† and â€Å"cluste rs of hair† which accentuates his hardened opinion towards them.Easily overlooked, the use of color and diction changes the overall meaning of self-portraits by conveying feelings that otherwise would have been missed. In addition to color ND diction, small details are another vastly important aspect of portraiture that usually go unnoticed. An artist who understood how small details could express personality and advertise oneself was Judith Leister. She knew how to make people feel as if they knew her when they looked at her portrait.Her self-portrait emphasizes the importance of small details and what they can add to the message of the final product. In her portrait (image 3), her posture alone says many things about her personality. She is leaning back with her elbow on the chair facing towards the ewer which shows that she is confident in what she is doing and takes pride in her work, eager to show it off to any who interrupt her when she is at work. Her facial expression shows that she is happy, outspoken, and has a warm, welcoming attitude towards people.The other miniscule details that she included in her portrait may have been a clever form of self-promotion. The painting she is working on in the picture is of a man playing the violin; she was known for painting lively, happy scenes so by having it in her self-portrait, she is saying that painting these scenes is an important part of her. She is holding eighteen brushes in one hand which shows that she is a talented artist and the clothes that she painted herself in show that she is wealthy and successful.These details could be used to entice potential patrons to hire her because by seeing her portrait, they believe that she is a talented artist who is confident in her work. Like Leister, James Joyce also understood the weight that small details carry. When describing people, Stephen only gives the person's description and actions; he never gives his actual opinions of them. The details that e in cludes shows what stood out to him in the moment and which features of the person were the most important. One character that Joyce gives a personality to through details is Vincent Heron.Heron and Stephen had been competing in school for as long as the two can remember yet Joyce never outright says Stephens opinion of him- it is blatantly stated through the details that are included. The first thing that Heron says is â€Å"Noble Deals' in a high throaty voice. † He then lets out a â€Å"soft peal of mirthless laughter,† and brandishes his cane. Beside him, he has an intimidating yet intelligent friend who agrees with everything Heron says. From these few details, much can be said about what Stephen feels is Heron's personality.From the way laughs and the fact that he carries a cane with him, it is obvious that he is arrogant and believes himself to be better than those around him. It also shows that Heron is a powerful manipulator. His fake laugh, the way he addresse s Stephen and the fact that a more powerful man is his inferior shows that he knows how to interact with people in a way that results in him always having the upper hand in a situation. Small details can have on self-portraits. In addition to these elements of self- portraiture, motifs are significant as well. Might not a painter's choice of lines and colors give an indication of his character, whether it is noble or common? † Paul Gauguin believed that the way in which a person makes their portrait says the most about them. In his Self-portrait from 1889 (image 4), he paints himself among many different symbols. The halo above his head symbolizes him as almost being an angelic figure yet he is holding the snake of temptation between his fingers. He is also within reach of the apples of the Tree of Knowledge which means that when he as painting this, there was a temptation that he had to refrain from.The fact that he only painted his head in the portrait may symbolize that he felt lost in this battle of good and evil and that he felt out of control. The bright red of the background also adds to the chaotic feeling. By painting himself interacting with all of these symbols, it may be his way of conveying his battle between good and evil into a portrait. His painting of the motif showed that he felt there was a hectic struggle going on in his life that affected how he saw himself. Joyce also put emphasis on the power of outfits.In Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, a major motif that is applied throughout the story is that of temperature. When Stephen was happy and comfortable, Joyce did not have to say it; he made a reference to something that was warm that was a signal of Stephens happiness. When Stephen was depressed and felt lost, something about the situation felt cold. While at Clones, a boarding school that he hated, he always felt cold and uncomfortable and when he thought of being at home to comfort himself, he would feel a wave of warmth wash over him.The motifs that artists use to further their self-portraits often elevate them to a level that takes deep comprehension to understand. So why would one choose to make a self-portrait? Some may say that self-portraiture is a selfish act; merely a way for one to immortality themselves, a way to have a representation on earth long after they are gone. However, James Joyce describes how his self-portrait came to be the best, â€Å"Think you're escaping and run into yourself. † When Joyce first started to write Stephen Hero, he was attempting to distance himself from his embarrassing, poetic sat.Yet as he began to put more into the work, he began to delve deeper into himself, realizing what made him the man he was and what he contributed to the world around him. Self-portraits force the artist to embark on a Journey of self- discovery. They make it possible for the artist to warp the person that the outside world sees into the person that they see themselves as or the pe rson they wish to be. While self-portraiture may have selfish results, the process of creating a self-portrait is the artist's way of understanding themselves, inside and out.

Unanswered Questions Into Third Grade Essay What Christmas Means to Me Writing Samples Uncovered

Unanswered Questions Into Third Grade Essay What Christmas Means to Me Writing Samples Uncovered A History of Third Grade Essay What Christmas Means to Me Writing Samples Refuted Ok, without further ado, here's a fabulous collection of journaling prompts written particularly for third-grade kids. It is not easy to feel that there's anyone on the planet who's not acquainted with the story of A Christmas Carol. The following day is Christmas day. A more spiritual form of the famed Christmas story. If you don't understand how to begin your essay or where to search for supporting data, we'll be pleased to help you. It is possible to always reach out to your writer to offer additional particulars or request information regarding the order's progress. We are happy to assist you with this request. The students should determine that the details give extra examples of the major subject of the paragraph. Third graders will need to begin writing down what they learn from every source they use, keeping tabs on the source name and page in order that they can find it again, then practice sorting any evidence they find into relevant categories that, at this phase, the teacher will probably determine. Descriptive Narrative Essay Example may be used mainly to recreate an occasion. Essay writing comes in various forms. Student writing may be used to concentrate on various topics, allowing students to learn and understand each topics by themselves. Third Grade Essay What Christmas Means to Me Writing Samples - the Story High school isn't free in Kenya. I really like journaling so much that numerous decades previously, I wrote and self-published some kids journals. I try to produce interesting topics which are fun for those children to write about. Perhaps it's safe to say that most individuals wish to be happy. Descriptive Essay on Market can be employed by tourists or visitors that don't have any prior understanding of a marketplace. Templates like Descriptive Essay about Office can be beneficial for someone who's planning to stop by an office. When you submit your purchase, we start searching for the very best writer to finish your assignment based on your requirements. At exactly the same time, it teaches students the simple writing skills they should know, and later on assist them improve the writing skills they've learned over time. Time to inspect the dictionary! Build a connection by means of your writing. Life After Third Grade Essay What Christmas Means to Me Writing Samples If you're going to prepare creative writing, you might have to to receive your reader involved and immersed in the story that you retell. The reader should receive the concept of the entire essay from the introduction. The more you tell us about your requirements, the better essay help we'll be in a position to provide. The Debate Over Third Grade Essay What Christmas Means to Me Writing Samples We sometimes satisfy our pals and go for coffee. There aren't only the icebears who want somewhere to life we also require a clean and nice pl ace to life. The cat away from the fishbowl, would like to select the fish out so he can eat it. The cat beyond the fish bowl would like to select the fish out so he can eat it. Third Grade Essay What Christmas Means to Me Writing Samples Help! Making a song which is too monotonous. If you're not pleased with its sound, or see the way the melody or lyrics can be made better, make corrections immediately, otherwise you will probably forget about it, or get accustomed to the sound and don't hear the dissonance. Happiness doesn't just happen it must be made, it must be produced, created, discovered, built from the bottom up. It is crucial to start with explaining why the subject of your work is topical and significant to study. Describe your favourite avocation. Luckily, there are lots of strategies people may utilize to make happiness, or at least strive for it. If we'll recycle the rubbish more than ever before we'll receive a better future. International warming has many bad results and it always a global environment problem that individuals wish to address. Give a great deal of details explaining why.

Christianity, A Form Of Religion Based On The Person And...

Christianity, is a form of religion based on the person and teachings , or its beliefs and practice s.1 During 205-207B.C, Christianity evolved greatly throughout the world. Many religions detested this and others embraced it. Some based their teaching s on pure science and questioned every living thing as a question to an unsolved experiment. Although some people didn t understand the being and the reason for the outcome they still believed that there s was God out there that created their existence. Christianity first started with the base of Judaism. Judaism was the primarily religion for the Israelites before Christianity set forth. Christianity was instead viewed as God s chosen people and was commentated back to the New†¦show more content†¦Between 70-130 AD, Jew s started revolting against the Roman Empire. Jewish Christian s therefore were killed, and shipped back, to their settlement in the Palestine region. By the 2nd century Gentile s took the stance of Christianity but still struggled against the Roman s in order to protect their religion. Christian s were first seen as a group of Jewish religion and was later troubled with the Greco-Roman s. Many people in the Roman Empire believed that the Christians were brutally harassed by the Greco-Roman gods given the reason of the Great fire of Rome. However, Christian religion in the Roman Empire soon became legalized in the 4th century. It grew more strongly in than it did in the west and Christianity was able to gr ow stronger than before. Aside from Christianity, Christian s and Jew s were persecuted due to the failures on the Roman religion. The refused to state loyalty to the people of Rome as well as the Roman gods and goddesses. Even though the death rates was very small, the effect s showed greatly.a major factor of this disturbance was Constantine. He attempted to reform the Christian church into the government. By 330 s BC, Constantine allowed complete worship to all Christian. 4 He also allowed the Church to own property without paying taxes. It didn t last until the Greeks and Romans were affected by the god s and goddesses. They would worship them everyday, before an after every meals